This concise guide, authored by Shabana Ma'am, provides a comprehensive and strategic approach to tackle assumption-based questions on the GMAT. Premise (P) + Assumption (A) = Conclusion (C). Even on other kinds of questions, the GMAT will confuse necessary/sufficient in wrong answers: From the GMATPrep® 2. • The fastest growing part of the budget has been employee retirement benefits, which are exceptionally generous. We sincerely believe anybody can score a 700 or higher with enough practice and study of the content tested by the GMAT. The eight broad categories of GMAT Critical Reasoning questions are. We are pleased to provide you with the links to ALL CR-1000 Series questions, a valuable resource for GMAT Critical Reasoning preparation. Here are some free GMAT practice exams that we recommend: Magoosh has a great set of practice tests, including 250 lessons, 800 questions, and carefully developed study schedules to help you make the most of your prep. Find the negation of the below statements: (Remember you have to negate the idea. 3. GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions Assumption Questions: Part 3 – Sample question. Bookmarks. Expert Reply. In these critical thinking reasoning questions, by reading the given statements, candidates need to take the right decision. “The CR Grail is a terrific book for Critical Reasoning. Assumption is a statement which must be true, for the given information to be true; in other words, for the conclusion to hold true. Statement & Assumption. Your GMAT prep is comprised of comprehensive practice by studying with over 1,000 questions across quantitative and verbal reasoning, analytical writing, and integrated reasoning. GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions. 3. Fri Nov 10, 2023 11:33. If you lose focus for a moment or forget your. Many GMAT test takers consider Bold Face (BF) questions to be the most challenging part of the GMAT test and fear facing them on the test day. Sometimes on the GMAT, you will come across something that looks like this: If you go outside in the rain, then you will get wet. Hanley Rd, Suite 300 St. Type 1: Strengthen the Argument which asks the candidate to choose the statement or piece of evidence that would support, bolster, or add to the argument in the given passage Type 2: Weaken the Argument/ Find the Flaw which asks the candidate to either select the fact or piece of. That is final a wrong answer. This may feel slow, but it is absolutely the best way to optimize your process on CR questions. 5) structure of the argument, including boldface structure questions and dialogue structure questions. GMAT Paper Tests: Link: Assumption: Low: 562: GMAT Prep: Link: Strengthen: Low: 563: GMAT. Question 9. Question 1. By example. Top 10 very important Critical Reasoning Questions for NMAT based on asked questions in previous exam papers. Some experts argue that it is due to the growing seal population, the sharks' primary food source. Assumption is a statement which must be true, for the given information to be true; in other words, for the conclusion to hold true. As in any useful to evaluate question, you should attack this line of reasoning and consider what assumptions or flaws are inherent in the argument. Expert Reply. 1. Step 1: Identify the Question. 1) The Spotted Mole is a rodent that burrows underground and eats all forms of. Questions from Critical Reasoning: Assumption. Includes full solutions and score reporting. (A) If only assumption I is implicit. Yes, very specific knowledge is irrelevant: in this case, we can't even have specific knowledge about the PZ 1000, because it's entirely a work of fiction. Your job in critical reasoning is not to make assumptions. Sample Critical Reasoning Question #4. The Assumption Questions in GMAT's Critical Reasoning section tell you what the conclusion is and then ask you. Our free GMAT Critical Reasoning practice test is a great place to start your test prep. GMAT Critical Reasoning Tip: Identifying Conclusions. Practice Question 2: Assumption. Critical Reasoning baffles even the most proficient aptitude takers. 1 day ago · Tests. Algebra. Question Type 1: Strengthen the Argument. Practice Questions. 2-Month Study Plan. (Take approx. As you can see with the other sample questions, you must learn how GMAT critical reasoning questions are made difficult and what mindsets and strategies allow you to. Question No. 7) evaluate the. GMAT Pill’s Integrated Reasoning Sample Questions. How to Prepare for GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions. The Puffers enjoy the seeds of Thomson’s Mulberry trees; because these trees are plentiful in the state’s Coastal Park. Like any other CR question, you’ll want to identify the conclusion, evidence, and assumptions before even reading the question. 3) find the assumption. GMAT Club Forum. So, the crux of many GMAT questions will be the assumptions. In argumentative questions, note the part where the conclusion is located. Our Free Practice Questions are designed to give you the thorough understanding of how to go about solving a problem that you crave. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS E. This list of words is from the Manhattan. The table below lists 481 Critical Reasoning questions that have appeared in GMAT Prep Question Bank and Exams 1 & 2 and in GMAT Paper Tests. Number Properties 2 – Practice Questions. Challenging CR Assumption Questions. Identify the Assumption: Questions of this type ask you to find the answer choice that states an assumption upon which the argument depends. , They inferred his anger from his heated denial. linker. Allow me to post the illustrative example we use during the Veritas course on Critical Reasoning: Dr. Once you realize it’s a “Resolve the Argument” question, you’ll want to rephrase the question in simpler terms, then go back to the passage and find what the “paradox,” “results,” or “discrepancy” is describing. Evaluate the reasoning questions are modified forms of assumptions questions. Or fill out the form below: Free practice questions for LSAT Logical Reasoning - Sufficient Assumption. While overall this strategy is fine, one problem students face is that a lot of the questions on the LSAT are not representative of those on the GMAT; some have dubious answers while. Critical reasoning tests, additionally know as decisive philosophy tests, are psychometric tests commonly used in graduate, professional and managerial recruitment. GMAT ® Critical Reasoning Practice Set - 1. : 5. MBA/MMS CAPTAIN Rounds 2023 Online Registration Process; MBA CET 2023 Documents Verification;Even on other kinds of questions, the GMAT will confuse necessary/sufficient in wrong answers: From the GMATPrep® 2. On a tie between two choices, negating the correct choice (assumption) will make the conclusion fall apart. Get the GMAT math and verbal practice you need to score big. Drill #1. This choice has the same problem as choices a) and b): it takes extra assumptions to fit it into the argument, and that’s not what we want. Question LSAT-LR-2. - Out of ScopeGMAT Critical Reasoning Guide Concepts, Practice Questions, GMAT Foundation Course & Verbal E-Books_nodrm. Start by figuring out the main argument of the passage. 3) find the assumption. Candidates need to choose the correct argument from the given one. GMAT Critical Reasoning Resolve the Paradox Questions A 15-question quiz aimed at Resolve the Paradox Questions tested in GMAT Critical Reasoning. This is what we aim with this course. Ask questions about strategy, timelines, or the GMAT itself. • The public will embrace the development. Mastering Reading Comprehension and Critical Reasoning is crucial for cracking the GMAT Verbal Section. Critical reasoning is one of the most important topics for the CAT exam. Here are the sample LSAT Logical Reasoning questions with their answers: 1. For example, if you want to look at just Assumption questions, you can type in “Assumption” in the search box right above the table. Enhance your GMAT Critical Reasoning (CR) skills with practice questions and valuable tips in the GMAT Club CR Forum. If you’re just beginning to learn CR strategy, check out The GMAT Critical Reasoning Mindset or How to Master Every GMAT Critical Reasoning Question Type Inference questions are not super common on GMAT Critical Reasoning, usually only. Below I am presenting to you the top 100 questions from CR forum. to guess; speculate; surmise. The Assumption Questions in GMAT's Critical Reasoning section tell you what the conclusion is and then ask you to go back in the argument and see what must have been true for the argument to be true. 24. Free practice questions for GMAT Verbal - Identifying Assumptions. For each practice question, select the best answer of the choices given. After all, Critical reasoning is a test of your reasoning. to hint; imply; suggest. Rank. First, there’s one overall process we’re going to use for any Critical Reasoning problem: Step 1: Identify the question. for weekly updates and practice questions. The answer here is C because. Premise: Tech conservatism of bicycle manufac is reflection of demand type. Your official source of real GMAT practice questions. There are two sections on the GRE that are scored on a scale of 130 to 170; the Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning sections. After all, Critical reasoning is a test of your reasoning. For example, they might include an answer that strengthens the argument, or even a sufficient assumption. Simon and Schuster, Dec 2, 2014 - Reference - 264 pages. Most of the questions in the test will involve the first four types: 1. Send your complaint to our designated agent at: Charles Cohn Varsity Tutors LLC 101 S. Premise: Only racers are interested in and willing to pay for innovation. Although unstated, the assumption is the nerve center of the argument, the linchpin holding the whole thing. For strengthen- or weaken. Geometry. The questions test the ability of the candidates to analyse logical arguments. Practice Question 4: Strengthen. GMAT practice questions handpicked by our test experts. Our goal is to find an answer choice that points out a flaw in the reasoning of the argument. This concise guide, authored by Shabana Ma'am, provides a comprehensive and strategic approach to tackle assumption-based questions on the GMAT. Critical reasoning is usually about objectively identifying what is necessary for an argument. 5) Logical Completion-Inference/Must be True/Most Supported: these are all variations on the same type of question. , They inferred his anger from his heated denial. 2. Medium. We will be covering the “Weaken the Argument” question type here. Creating your GMAT study guide is one of the most important aspects of preparing for the GMAT, but it can also be one of the most difficult. Go to page: 1, 2. 5. The type 3 questions refer to the conclusion or interference questions. Nov 28. If the assumption is not true, the author can't make. 1- You try to solve each question on yourself, noting that the duration of solving each question. Kaplan: Kaplan offers a free practice quiz for the GMAT that includes Critical Reasoning questions. Question GRE-MCQ-2. ”. 1 CAT exam practice test*, on one assumption question, the argument states: “The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program” (Interview is necessary: SHP –> Int. C. The wrong answers also use the same traps repeatedly. 7 Diagnostic Tests 230 Practice Tests Question of the Day Flashcards Learn by Concept. Question 1: Most of the Asian countries have trade-deficit with China. 7:16. Consequently, we are. 2) strengthen the argument. Tip #5: Do Not Attempt to “Pre-Think” Answers. When you do GMAT Find the Assumption problems, some of the answer choices will be quick to eliminate: they’ll have nothing to do with the argument, or they’ll go against the author’s reasoning. 0 Test takers out of 100. Enhance your GMAT Critical Reasoning (CR) skills with practice questions and valuable tips in the GMAT Club CR Forum. Historian: The Russian Revolution in the early 20 th century was sparked not by the proletariat. 3. Critical Reasoning Questions of GMAT Verbal Section. Tip #2: Do GMAT Critical Reasoning Practice Questions Untimed. ), the author of the argument gives information. Knowing more about the types of questions on the GMAT verbal section will. Based upon our data algorithms and internal testing, we are confident that our proprietary custom-written questions provide a good means to practice the thinking. 5 Common Type Of Questions Asked In GMAT Critical Reasoning. Pre-Think Author’s Assumptions, and apply Negation. Kudos. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you master this section of the GMAT: Step 1: Understand the format. This is the correct answer, since it exploits the unstated assumptions by explicitly disproving that one of them. You should review most of the Critical Reasoning problems you do, even if you get them right. Learn the basic strategy for handling Assumption questions, and learn several useful tips. Step 3: State the Goal. The snack food market has recently seen an explosion in the. The questions were tough, but after reviewing the answers and finding the reasons, I could complete the official GMAT guide. The 3 Types of GMAT Verbal Questions. Therefore, it is prime. This GMAT guide works on the assumption that by learning how to solve what it deems to be the most important recurring problems on the GMAT, you can achieve the high score you require. You will learn everything you need to know about GMAT Critical Reasoning (or GMAT Logical reasoning, as it is commonly known), what it tests, the skills. Make Your Assumption a General Statement GMAT Critical Reasoning Assumption Questions Practice. 1. 800+ Level, Assumption. Master this fiendishly tricky variety of Critical Reasoning question on the GMAT! The philosopher Zeno of Elia (490-430 BCE) was famous for his mind-bending paradoxes. This live session will be hosted by Marty Murray, Chief Curriculum and Content Architect at Target Test Prep. Medial Tibial Syndrome. 6) paradox. Weaken the Argument. Take full-length GMAT Practice tests to assess where you are in your preparation and get comfortable with the test format. GMAT Sample. Every argument has a premise (the foundational underlying logic of an. 4) draw inference/conclusion. Quantitative Reasoning - Multiple Choice with one answer. 0%Goal: 0/150Available Tests: 23 CONTINUE GMAT Problem Solving Progress: 0. Pre-Think Author’s Assumptions, and apply Negation Test. Our free GMAT Critical Reasoning practice test is a great place to start your test prep. Before discussing the Kaplan Method for Critical Reasoning, most of my students would perform only three of these steps, and they would follow this order: Step 2 (read it), Step 1 (ID the question), then Step 4 (read the choices). All About GMAT Assumption Questions. The first part of this answer choice is already known to us: the panther preys on other types of monkeys;. Assumptions are crucial in understanding and refuting arguments, so they play a large role in two major Critical Reasoning question types. In these critical thinking reasoning questions, by reading the given statements, candidates need to take the right decision. P. What needs to be true in order for the conclusion. The best CR book out there!” — Prerana Sharma, GMAT. 2. (Just because X is always Y does NOT mean that Y is always X. (A) City X experienced a drastic reduction in crime after implementing a proposal similar to that proposed by the Police Commissioner of city Y. 4- Think on where you can accelerate your solution if your answer is. Best GMAT Practice Tests Overview. And for more practice questions of similarly high quality, plus expert-taught live. Analyzing the logic of the argument to come up with valid assumptions is what we do in prethinking. Errors in Direct/Indirect speech. 15. Among the remaining question, this type, the Conclusion/Inference question, is one of the most common. Hope this helps! Question No. Unlike everyday speech, GMAT critical reasoning questions, and good thinking for that matter, hinge on your ability to flesh out hidden assumptions in an argument. Conclusion: Phrases like “all in all” and “in essence,” which indicate that the author is about to sum up or conclude. This is especially true for the verbal questions. Critical Reasoning Questions. The PowerScore GMAT Critical Reasoning Bible is both thorough and insightful. Of vital importance (not what is meant here, but it's useful to think about). 2) strengthen the argument. It’s used to assess certain analytical, writing, quantitative, verbal, and reading skills in written English. Relax, ours will certainly get through critical logical section when we understand the elementary types of questions asked in management entrance exams like GMAT, CAT, XAT, MBA CET etc. Wherever possible, identify premises, assumptions and conclusion. Adapting to the ever-changing GMAT exam, Manhattan Prep’s 6th Edition GMAT Strategy Guides offer the latest approaches for students looking to score in the top percentiles. 3. A highly cohesive work group is a prerequisite for high team performance. The eight broad categories of GMAT Critical Reasoning questions are: 1) weaken the argument /find the flaw in the argument. 3) find the assumption (know the Negation Test) 4) draw inference/conclusion. Upgrade your subscription to get access to this quiz, more lessons, and more practice questions. What binds them are the assumptions. This free GMAT questionbank includes 20 topics in the GMAT quant section - from arithmetic to algebra to geometry. Concept tested: Evaluating the reasoning in an argument. Conclusion. FORUM ; GMAT; TESTS;. Knowing the different types of GMAT CR questions can help streamline test preparation and give you a leg up on your practice tests. 100 Hardest Critical Reasoning Questions. For the first three of these four question types, simply reading the argument with an eye for the. For each practice question, select the best answer of the choices given. This tests candidates' ability to read and interpret data in multiple formats, including table analysis and graphic interpretation. Bangladesh’s trade deficit with China this year has increased by 35%. 2) Assumptions and the Negation Test on the GMAT. How many reading comprehension questions are on the GMAT? About one-third of the 36 questions that make up the GMAT Verbal section are RC questions. WillGetIt wrote: Economist: The most economically efficient way to reduce emissions of air pollutants is to tax them in proportion to the damage they are likely to cause. Vocabulary List for the GMAT. Directions: Each of these GMAT critical reasoning practice questions are based on a. Includes full solutions and score reporting. Tags: Difficulty: 750-800 Level, Assumption, Cause and Effect. Best GMAT Practice Tests Overview. However, facing these questions on the test day is actually better than not facing them at all because encountering a BF question is an indicator (in a majority of cases, not. Evaluating the Answer Choices. It is imperative that you quickly identify the type of question you are being asked since your mindset and strategy should change based upon the type of logical reasoning analysis you are being asked to perform. Let’s understand why using a specific example: Assumption questions in Critical Reasoning. From our previous post, you already know what assumptions are, what role they play in GMAT Critical Reasoning problems, and how you can identify and double-check them. How to approach critical reasoning questions. You will find around 4 RC passages, with 3-4 questions each, in the GMAT Verbal section. Directions: Each of these GMAT critical reasoning practice questions are based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. Of course, you have to have a good reason for eliminating the wrong answers. In this post, we’ll cover GMAT Critical Reasoning tips and practice questions to help you tackle assumption questions. The critical reasoning questions on the GMAT are all about using logic. Use your own words. Understand the subject matter of the question being asked, then reread the associated part of the written material. Product of Critics Reasoning Questions A detailed overview of GMAT critical reasoning questions and common question types; Understanding the parts of a logical argument; A step-by-step methodology for analyzing an argument and solving critical reasoning problems; Identifying an argument’s assumption(s) — a crucial skill for answering a large number of critical reasoning question. The first step in doing that successfully is understanding. It involves identifying the premises, conclusions, assumptions, and any flaws in the reasoning presented. The GMAT critical reasoning section is composed of three types of questions: Strengthen/Weaken; Assumption. pdf), Text File (. Interestingly, this comprehensive collection consists of 2040 questions, surpassing the expected 1000, as many questions are sourced from LSAT. These questions are. 3. The type 2 questions are generally bold-faced reasoning questions. The questions in this section are designed to assess your ability to do the following: Identify the main point of an argument. Part 1: GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions: Identifying and Checking Assumptions Part 2: GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions: Common Assumption. 37 . The wording of the correct answer, then, will tell us the opposite of the assumption. The Test: Critical Reasoning- 4 questions and answers have been prepared according to the GMAT exam syllabus. In the Data Insights section of the GMAT Focus Edition, the Multi-Source Reasoning (MSR) section is considered to be the most challenging. With clear and actionable insights, the book equips readers with the skills needed to identify and evaluate assumptions effectively. GMAT Critical Reasoning First, a GMAT Critical Reasoning practice question. by: Raman109. Being familiar with basic logical errors—confusing numbers. 7) evaluate the conclusion. Resources. 1. Verbal: The Verbal Reasoning section lasts 65 minutes and contains 36 questions designed to test your ability to read, understand, and evaluate written materials. by:. The table below lists all the Critical Reasoning questions that have appeared in various editions of Official Guides. Hanley Rd, Suite 300 St. You read the question first to make sure you know what you’re supposed to zero in on, and then you read the argument prompt reductively to. to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence: e. He has also created explanations for problems in The Official Guide, as well as 1,800 practice GMAT math questions. Includes full. This states that the increased funding will actually work to improve yields per acre. Assumption Questions. Get the GMAT math and verbal practice you need to score big. Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. (B) the Almond Tumbler was the most beautiful breed of pigeon. Question contains the conclusion. I really like the book’s focus on assumptions and on avoiding jargon and diagrams. Critical Reasoning questions are similar to Reading Comprehension questions in that they begin with a passage of text to read,. The eight broad categories of GMAT Critical Reasoning questions are: 1) weaken the argument /find the flaw in the argument. The table offers the following functionalities. While about 1/3 to 1/2 of LR is deductive reasoning, about 5% of GMAT CR is deductive reasoning. Read through all answer choices before answering a question. I really like the book’s focus on assumptions and on avoiding jargon and diagrams. You’ll find tips for studying Critical Reasoning before test day, as well as maximizing your chances of getting tough questions right. This comprehensive GMAT Verbal Course teaches all of the most relevant content and test-taking strategies for the three types of GMAT verbal questions: Sentence Correction; Reading Comprehension; and Critical Reasoning. The attachment contains a detailed analysis on ways to approach any given question, while delving further into the most common types of questions. Description. The number lines intersect at zero at the point called the origin. Question 3. A complete GMAT series by #gmatninja. The type 3 questions refer to the conclusion or interference questions. , strengthen the argument, find an assumption). Exponent Expressions. They're not hard to understand if you approach them correctly. Today we will take a look at conditional statements. B: Questions are of different. But in Country Y, many serious pollutants are untaxed and unregulated, and policy makers strongly oppose new taxes. gmatclub. I hope it will be helpful who wants to do a concentrated effort on CR Assumptions. Statement: “The university’s enrollment has increased by 20%. Critical Reasoning Revision: Assumption. com. Another aspect of efficiency on GMAT Critical Reasoning is learning to let go of. Utilizing this property, you can. FORUM ; GMAT; TESTS;. Critical reasoning PDF questions are exceedingly challenging and require a particular thought process. With more than one million users to date, 800score offers: a free 300-page online video prep course, advice from top experts, a practice GRE test, help finding GRE classes/test centers, and much more. ͳʹ Unique Questions’ list 6) GMAT Scoring Scale Conversion Matrix 7) International (non-US) B-Schools Ranking. 2- And, then, watch my solution. 1. 3) Assumption: the unstated link between premise and conclusion. This is where the core skill of pre-thinking comes in. Written by active instructors with 99th-percentile scores, these books are designed with the student in mind. . GMAT involves 80 questions to be answered in 3hrs. GMAT Critical Reasoning Practice Questions- List. Application Walkthroughs - New!. Easy. It assesses the test-taker's ability to comprehend written material, evaluate arguments, and correct written sentences. Then choose the answer choice that provides the best evidence for that argument. Earn a Higher GRE Score Start. Candidates need to choose the correct argument from the given one. Tip #3: Do Not Seek to “Pre-Think” the Answers to Critical Reasoning Questions. HF1118. Here taking the right decision means selecting the correct assumption. Tags: Difficulty: 500-600 Level, Assumption, Conclusion. The most efficient approach to GMAT Critical Reasoning is to invest time in developing a solid understanding of the argument BEFORE you even look at the answer choices. 2. Time & Stress Management. Tip #1: Do Most of Your GRE CR Practice Untimed. Integrated Reasoning. Return to the list of practice GMAT critical reasoning questions. GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions. Assumptions and the Negation Test on the GMAT. Importance of Critical Reasoning in CAT This article is meant to make aspirants realize the importance of CAT critical reasoning. Critical Reasoning (CR) questions are at the heart of what is tested on the GMAT, because CR questions directly challenge your thinking skills across a wide range of situations that require critical analysis, logical reasoning, and attention to detail. Overview; Small Group Classes; GMAT Bundle; 1-on-1 Online Tutoring. While overall this strategy is fine, one problem students face is that a lot of the questions on the LSAT are not representative of those on the GMAT; some have dubious answers while some are of a question type that is not tested on the GMAT. Part 2: GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions: Common Assumption Types. Difficulty: 800+ Level, Weaken, Source: GMAT Club Tests. Tire Wear Down. ) Take a few extra seconds to make sure you understand the conclusion of the argument. Here is a list of all the CR practice questions discussed in this article, for your quick reference: Practice Question 1: Inference. A 15-question quiz aimed at Inference Questions tested in GMAT Critical Reasoning. The easiest mistake to make on GMAT CR is this: you read the question, and an answer pops into your head, perhaps because you’ve done some “pre-thinking. The GMAT Verbal section is a part of the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) exam. Learn how in this article. In your GMAT preparation you have probably learned to tackle critical reasoning assumption questions by identifying the conclusion of the argument, followed by the evidence and then looking for the missing link between these, which will be the central assumption. A GMAT 650 to 700 level sample question. In an effort to curb drug abuse, the government has imposed strict laws to. Strategy to handle CR questions: 1. The GMAT score is used as an admission prerequisite for a graduate in management & business programs. 30 seconds to understand. Identify a statement or evidence that undermines or contradicts the argument. Critical reasoning measuring your ability to draw conclusions from short arguments. The GMAT Focus Syllabus includes three main sections: Verbal Reasoning (23 Questions), Quantitative Reasoning (21 Questions), and Data Insights (20 Questions), with 45-minute duration for each section: Here’s a summary of each section: 1) Verbal Reasoning : It includes 23 multiple-choice questions on Reading. The Fallacy of Faulty Analogy. The premises the GMAT presents to you will be true (for purposes of the GMAT), but the conclusions will often be dodgy. This should be your first step for all of the Critical Reasoning question types. Take this argument about respiratory illnesses. Reinforcement Activities- "Assumption" Questions. Don’t start at the beginning. Take GMAT sample questions. The Analytical Writing section is scored from 0 to 6, which makes 6 the highest score possible. Recommended Books. They test your ability to recognize logical errors in the author’s reasoning and they require you to avoid making logical errors of your own. None of these cases involved driving.